Seba.Health
emotion

σέβας

sebas

Awe, reverence, the sacred shudder before the divine

Why sebas matters

Sebas names the somatic arrest that occurs at the threshold of the sacred, a shudder or shock that precedes any articulate response to divine presence. Unlike aidos, which involves a social witness and carries the possibility of shame, sebas is structurally solitary: one can feel sebas in the presence of an empty sacred site, a god's footprint, a sudden stillness. Its proximity to deos marks a cluster of arrest-emotions at the divine boundary, but sebas is the most purely physical — the body's involuntary recognition of power before the mind has categorized what it is encountering.

sebas in the corpus

25 instances
25 passages
40% in direct speech

Which characters in Homer use sebas most?

Related terms

Read the full glossary entry for sebas →

Distribution by work

Meditations
6
Discourses
4
The Odyssey
3
Hymn to Demeter
3
Republic
2
Phaedrus
2
Symposium
2
The Iliad
1
Hymn 28: To Athena
1
Rhetoric
1

Key passages

Showing 25 of 25 passages containing σέβας.

The Iliad 18.170–180 Iris

ὄρσεο Πηλεΐδη, πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν· Πατρόκλῳ ἐπάμυνον, οὗ εἵνεκα φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε πρὸ νεῶν· οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσιν οἳ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος, οἳ δὲ ἐρύσσασθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμό...

Rouse thee, son of Peleus, of all men most dread. Bear thou aid to Patroclus, for whose sake is a dread strife afoot before the ships. And men are slaying one another, these seeking to defend the corp...

The Odyssey 3.103–200 Nestor

ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεί μʼ ἔμνησας ὀιζύος, ἣν ἐν ἐκείνῳ δήμῳ ἀνέτλημεν μένος ἄσχετοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, ἠμὲν ὅσα ξὺν νηυσὶν ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον πλαζόμενοι κατὰ ληίδʼ, ὅπῃ ἄρξειεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ἠδʼ ὅσα καὶ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα ...

all that we endured on shipboard, as we roamed after booty over the misty deep whithersoever Achilles led; and all our fightings around the great city of king Priam;—lo, there all our best were slain....

The Odyssey 6.149–185 Odysseus

γουνοῦμαί σε, ἄνασσα· θεός νύ τις, ἦ βροτός ἐσσι; εἰ μέν τις θεός ἐσσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν, Ἀρτέμιδί σε ἐγώ γε, Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο, εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τʼ ἄγχιστα ἐίσ...

If thou art a goddess, one of those who hold broad heaven, to Artemis, the daughter of great Zeus, do I liken thee most nearly in comeliness and in stature and in form. But if thou art one of mortals ...

The Odyssey 8.382–384 Odysseus

Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν, ἠμὲν ἀπείλησας βητάρμονας εἶναι ἀρίστους, ἠδʼ ἄρʼ ἑτοῖμα τέτυκτο· σέβας μʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντα.

Hymn to Demeter 1–12

Δήμητρʼ ἠύκομον, σεμνὴν θεόν, ἄρχομʼ ἀείδειν, αὐτὴν ἠδὲ θύγατρα τανύσφυρον, ἣν Ἀιδωνεὺς ἥρπαξεν, δῶκεν δὲ βαρύκτυπος εὐρύοπα Ζεύς, νόσφιν Δήμητρος χρυσαόρου, ἀγλαοκάρπου, παίζουσαν κούρῃσι σὺν Ὠκεανοῦ...

Hymn to Demeter 181–192

ἡγεῦνθʼ· ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄπισθε φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ στεῖχε κατὰ κρῆθεν κεκαλυμμένη· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλος κυάνεος ῥαδινοῖσι θεᾶς ἐλελίζετο ποσσίν. αἶψα δὲ δώμαθʼ ἵκοντο διοτρεφέος Κελεοῖο, βὰν δὲ διʼ αἰθούσης, ἔνθ...

Hymn to Demeter 469–480

αἶψα δὲ καρπὸν ἄεξε φερέσβιον ἀνθρώποισιν. ὣς ἔφατʼ. οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἐυστέφανος Δημήτηρ· αἶψα δὲ καρπὸν ἀνῆκεν ἀρουράων ἐριβώλων· πᾶσα δὲ φύλλοισίν τε καὶ ἄνθεσιν εὐρεῖα χθὼν ἔβρισʼ· ἣ δὲ κιοῦσα...

Hymn 28: To Athena 1–18

Παλλάδ’ Ἀθηναίην, κυδρὴν θεόν, ἄρχομ’ ἀείδειν γλαυκῶπιν, πολύμητιν, ἀμείλιχον ἦτορ ἔχουσαν, παρθένον αἰδοίην, ἐρυσίπτολιν, ἀλκήεσσαν, Τριτογενῆ, τὴν αὐτὸς ἐγείνατο μητίετα Ζεὺς σεμνῆς ἐκ κεφαλῆς, πολε...

Republic 1.336 Σωκράτης

ἀλλʼ οἶσθα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, οὗ μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι τὸ ῥῆμα, τὸ φάναι δίκαιον εἶναι τοὺς μὲν φίλους ὠφελεῖν, τοὺς δʼ ἐχθροὺς βλάπτειν; τίνος; ἔφη. οἶμαι αὐτὸ Περιάνδρου εἶναι ἢ Περδίκκου ἢ Ξέρξου ἢ Ἰσμηνίου τ...

Do you know, said I, to whom I think the saying belongs—this statement that it is just to benefit friends and harm enemies? To whom? he said. I think it was the saying of Periander or Perdiccas or Xer...

Republic 3.394 Σωκράτης

ταῦτα δὲ εἰπόντος αὐτοῦ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἐσέβοντο καὶ συνῄνουν, ὁ δὲ Ἀγαμέμνων ἠγρίαινεν ἐντελλόμενος νῦν τε ἀπιέναι καὶ αὖθις μὴ ἐλθεῖν, μὴ αὐτῷ τό τε σκῆπτρον καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ στέμματα οὐκ ἐπαρκέσοι· πρὶ...

and when he had thus spoken the others were of reverent mind and approved, but Agamemnon was angry and bade him depart and not come again lest the scepter and the fillets of the god should not avail h...

Phaedrus 1.251 Σωκράτης

ΣΩ. ὁ μὲν οὖν μὴ νεοτελὴς ἢ διεφθαρμένος οὐκ ὀξέως ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖσε φέρεται πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ κάλλος, θεώμενος αὐτοῦ τὴν τῇδε ἐπωνυμίαν, ὥστʼ οὐ σέβεται προσορῶν, ἀλλʼ ἡδονῇ παραδοὺς τετράποδος νόμον βαίνει...

Socrates. Now he who is not newly initiated, or has been corrupted, does not quickly rise from this world to that other world and to absolute beauty when he sees its namesake here, and so he does not ...

Phaedrus 1.252 Σωκράτης

ΣΩ. ὅθεν δὴ ἑκοῦσα εἶναι οὐκ ἀπολείπεται, οὐδέ τινα τοῦ καλοῦ περὶ πλείονος ποιεῖται, ἀλλὰ μητέρων τε καὶ ἀδελφῶν καὶ ἑταίρων πάντων λέλησται, καὶ οὐσίας διʼ ἀμέλειαν ἀπολλυμένης παρʼ οὐδὲν τίθεται, ν...

Socrates. Therefore the soul will not, if it can help it, be left alone by the beautiful one, but esteems him above all others, forgets for him mother and brothers and all friends, neglects property a...

Symposium 1.188 Ἀπολλόδωρος

καὶ ἐν μουσικῇ δὴ καὶ ἐν ἰατρικῇ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρωπείοις καὶ τοῖς θείοις, καθʼ ὅσον παρείκει, φυλακτέον ἑκάτερον τὸν ἔρωτα· ἔνεστον γάρ. ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡ τῶν ὡρῶν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ...

Thus in music and medicine and every other affair whether human or divine, we must be on the watch as far as may be for either sort of Love; for both are there. ...

Symposium 1.193 Ἀπολλόδωρος

τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ αἴτιον, ὅτι ἡ ἀρχαία φύσις ἡμῶν ἦν αὕτη καὶ ἦμεν ὅλοι· τοῦ ὅλου οὖν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ καὶ διώξει ἔρως ὄνομα. καὶ πρὸ τοῦ, ὥσπερ λέγω, ἓν ἦμεν, νυνὶ δὲ διὰ τὴν ἀδικίαν διῳκίσθημεν ὑπὸ τοῦ ...

The cause of it all is this, that our original form was as I have described, and we were entire; and the craving and pursuit of that entirety is called Love. Formerly, as I have said, we were one; b...

Rhetoric 2.23

ἔστι δὲ εἷς μὲν τόπος τῶν δεικτικῶν ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων· δεῖ γὰρ σκοπεῖν εἰ τῷ ἐναντίῳ τὸ ἐναντίον ὑπάρχει, ἀναιροῦντα μὲν εἰ μὴ ὑπάρχει, κατασκευάζοντα δὲ εἰ ὑπάρχει, οἷον ὅτι τὸ σωφρονεῖν ἀγαθόν· τὸ γὰρ...

One topic of demonstrative enthymemes is derived from opposites; for it is necessary to consider whether one opposite is predicable of the other, as a means of destroying an argument, if it is not, as...

Discourses 1.6

περὶ προνοίας. ἀφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ γινομένων ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν ἐγκωμιάσαι τὴν πρόνοιαν, ἂν δύο ἔχῃ τις ταῦτα ἐν ἑαυτῷ, δύναμίν τε συνορατικὴν τῶν γεγονότων ἑκάστῳ καὶ τὸ εὐχάριστον. εἰ δὲ μή, ὁ ...

Of Providence. FROM everything which is or happens in the world, it is easy to praise Providence, if a man possesses these two qualities, the faculty of seeing what belongs and happens to all persons...

Discourses 3.3

τίς ὕλη τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ πρὸς τί μάλιστʼ ἀσκητέον. ὕλη τοῦ καλοῦ καὶ ἀγαθοῦ τὸ ἴδιον ἡγεμονικόν, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἰατροῦ καὶ ἀπἀλείπτου, ὁ ἀγρὸς γεωργοῦ ὕλη· ἔργον δὲ καλοῦ καὶ ἀγαθοῦ τὸ χρῆσθαι ταῖς φαντασί...

What is the matter on which a good man should be employed, and in what we ought chiefly to practise ourselves. THE material for the wise and good man is his own ruling faculty: and the body is the ma...

Discourses 3.7

πρὸς τὸν διορθωτὴν τῶν ἐλευθέρων πόλεων Ἐπικούρειον ὄντα. τοῦ δὲ διορθωτοῦ εἰσελθόντος πρὸς αὐτὸν (ἦν δʼ οὗτος Ἐπικούρειος) ἄξιον, ἔφη, τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἡμᾶς παρʼ ὑμῶν τῶν φιλοσόφων πυνθάνεσθαι, καθάπερ ...

To the administrator of the free cities who was an Epicurean. WHEN the administrator came to visit him, and the man was an Epicurean, Epictetus said, It is proper for us who are not philosophers to i...

Discourses 3.18

ὅτι οὐ δεῖ πρὸς τὰς ἀγγελίας ταράσσεσθαι. ὅταν σοί τι προσαγγελθῇ ταρακτικόν, ἐκεῖνο ἔχε πρόχειρον, ὅτι ἀγγελία περὶ οὐδενὸς προαιρετικοῦ γίνεται. μή τι γὰρ δύναταί σοί τις ἀγγεῖλαι, ὅτι κακῶς ὑπ...

That we ought not to be disturbed by any news. WHEN any thing shall be reported to you which is of a nature to disturb, have this principle in readiness, that the news is about nothing which is w...

Meditations 3.9

Τὴν ὑποληπτικὴν δύναμιν σέβε. ἐν ταύτῃ τὸ πᾶν, ἵνα ὑπόληψις τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ σου μηκέτι ἐγγένηται ἀνακόλουθος τῇ φύσει καὶ τῇ τοῦ λογικοῦ ζῴου κατασκευῇ, αὕτη δὲ ἐπαγγέλλεται ἀπροπτωσίαν καὶ τὴν πρὸς ἀνθρ...

Meditations 5.33

Ὅσον οὐδέπω σποδὸς ἢ σκελετὸς καὶ ἤτοι ὄνομα ἢ οὐδὲ ὄνομα, τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ψόφος καὶ ἀπήχημα. τὰ δὲ ἐν τῷ βίῳ πολυτίμητα κενὰ καὶ σαπρὰ καὶ μικρὰ καὶ κυνίδια διαδακνόμενα καὶ παιδία φιλόνεικα, γελῶντα, εἶ...

Meditations 6.10

Ἤτοι κυκεὼν καὶ ἀντεμπλοκὴ καὶ σκεδασμὸς ἢ ἕνωσις καὶ τάξις καὶ πρόνοια. εἰ μὲν οὗν τὰ πρότερα, τί καὶ ἐπιθυμῶ εἰκαίῳ συγκρίματι καὶ φυρμῷ τοιούτῳ ἐνδιατρίβειν; τί δέ μοι καὶ μέλει ἄλλου τινὸς ἢ τοῦ ὅ...

Meditations 6.36

Ἡ Ἀσία, ἡ Εὐρώπη γωνίαι τοῦ κόσμου· πᾶν πέλαγος σταγὼν τοῦ κόσμου· Ἄθως βωλάριον τοῦ κόσμου· πᾶν τὸ ἐνεστὼς τοῦ χρόνου στιγμὴ τοῦ αἰῶνος. πάντα μικρά, εὔτρεπτα, ἐναφανιζόμενα. Πάντα ἐκεῖθεν ἔρχεται, ...

Meditations 11.20

Τὸ μὲν πνευμάτιόν σου καὶ τὸ πυρῶδες πᾶν, ὅσον ἐγκέκραται, καίτοι φύσει ἀνωφερῆ ὄντα, ὅμως πειθόμενα τῇ τῶν ὅλων διατάξει παρακρατεῖται ἐνταῦθα ἐπὶ τοῦ συγκρίματος. καὶ τὸ γεῶδες δὲ τὸ ἐν σοὶ πᾶν καὶ ...

Meditations 12.28

Πρὸς τοὺς ἐπιζητοῦντας· ποῦ γὰρ ἰδὼν τοὺς θεοὺς ἢ πόθεν κατειληφὼς ὅτι εἰσὶν οὕτως σέβεις; πρῶτον μὲν καὶ ὄψει ὁρατοί εἰσιν· ἔπειτα μέντοι οὐδὲ τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ἑώρακα καὶ ὅμως τιμῶ· οὕτως οὖν κα...

Explore sebas in the texts

25 passages across Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and the New Testament contain sebas.

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