Seba.Health
organ

κραδίη

kradie

Heart, cardiac impulse, the organ of raw emotion

Etymology

Related to Latin cor, cordis ("heart"). Homeric κραδίη and NT καρδία share the same root. Provides the spark of raw emotion — the organ of impulse that barks, hardens, and in one unique moment, endures.

Why kradie matters

The kradie barks within Odysseus (Od. 20.13) as he watches the suitors. He strikes his chest and commands it: "Endure now, my kradie" (τέτλαθι δή, κραδίη, Od. 20.18). Then comes the hapax: κραδίη μένε τετληυῖα — "the heart remained, enduring" (Od. 20.23). Nowhere else in the corpus does a heart achieve this title. Penelope's heart, by contrast, solidifies into stone (Od. 23.103).

Grammar as evidence

Od. 20.18 is the sole 2nd-person address to kradie in Homer. All other commands to the heart are 3rd person ("Let it endure"). In the NT, καρδία absorbs the interiority that Homer distributes across thumos, phren, and kradie.

kradie in the corpus

436 instances
410 passages
58% in direct speech

Which characters in Homer use kradie most?

Related terms

Distribution by work

Republic
55
The Iliad
32
The Odyssey
31
Nicomachean Ethics
29
Meditations
27
Discourses
24
Gorgias
21
Luke
20
Rhetoric
19
Acts
16
Matthew
13
Romans
11
2 Corinthians
10
Mark
9
Timaeus
9
Symposium
8
Hebrews
7
Phaedrus
7
John
6
Ephesians
6
Phaedo
6
1 Corinthians
4
Colossians
4
James
4
Theogony
4
1 Thessalonians
3
Revelation
3
Nemean Odes
3
Philippians
2
2 Thessalonians
2
1 Peter
2
Shield of Heracles
2
Hymn to Apollo
2
Pythian Odes
2
Apology
2
Galatians
1
1 Timothy
1
2 Timothy
1
Works and Days
1
Hymn to Demeter
1

Key passages

Showing 30 of 410 passages containing κραδίη.

The Iliad 1.225–244 Achilles

οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματʼ ἔχων, κραδίην δʼ ἐλάφοιο, οὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι οὔτε λόχον δʼ ἰέναι σὺν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν τέτληκας θυμῷ· τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι. ἦ πολὺ λώϊόν ἐστι κατὰ ...

never have you had courage to arm for battle along with your people, or go forth to an ambush with the chiefs of the Achaeans. That seems to you even as death. Indeed it is far better throughout the ...

The Iliad 2.837–851

τῶν αὖθʼ Ὑρτακίδης ἦρχʼ Ἄσιος ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, Ἄσιος Ὑρτακίδης ὃν Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι αἴθωνες μεγάλοι ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος. Ἱππόθοος δʼ ἄγε φῦλα Πελασγῶν ἐγχεσιμώρων τῶν οἳ Λάρισαν ἐριβώλακα ναιετά...

And Hippothous led the tribes of the Pelasgi, that rage with the spear, even them that dwelt in deep-soiled Larisa; these were led by Hippothous and Pylaeus, scion of Ares, sons twain of Pelasgian Let...

The Iliad 3.59–75 Paris

Ἕκτορ ἐπεί με κατʼ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας οὐδʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν· αἰεί τοι κραδίη πέλεκυς ὥς ἐστιν ἀτειρὴς ὅς τʼ εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπʼ ἀνέρος ὅς ῥά τε τέχνῃ νήϊον ἐκτάμνῃσιν, ὀφέλλει δʼ ἀνδρὸς ἐρωήν· ὣς σοὶ ἐνὶ στήθ...

ever is thy heart unyielding, even as an axe that is driven through a beam by the hand of man that skilfully shapeth a ship's timber, and it maketh the force of his blow to wax; even so is the heart i...

The Iliad 4.51–67 Hera

ἤτοι ἐμοὶ τρεῖς μὲν πολὺ φίλταταί εἰσι πόληες Ἄργός τε Σπάρτη τε καὶ εὐρυάγυια Μυκήνη· τὰς διαπέρσαι ὅτʼ ἄν τοι ἀπέχθωνται περὶ κῆρι· τάων οὔ τοι ἐγὼ πρόσθʼ ἵσταμαι οὐδὲ μεγαίρω. εἴ περ γὰρ φθονέω τε ...

For even though I grudge thee, and am fain to thwart their overthrow, I avail naught by my grudging, for truly thou art far the mightier. Still it beseemeth that my labour too be not made of none effe...

The Iliad 4.272–284

ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ· ἦλθε δʼ ἐπʼ Αἰάντεσσι κιὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν· τὼ δὲ κορυσσέσθην, ἅμα δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ σκοπιῆς εἶδεν νέφος αἰπόλος ἀνὴρ ἐρχόμενον κατὰ...

these were arming them for battle, and a cloud of footmen followed with them. Even as when from some place of outlook a goatherd seeth a cloud coming over the face of the deep before the blast of the...

The Iliad 4.326–337

ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ. εὗρʼ υἱὸν Πετεῶο Μενεσθῆα πλήξιππον ἑσταότʼ· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μήστωρες ἀϋτῆς· αὐτὰρ ὃ πλησίον ἑστήκει πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς, πὰρ δὲ Κεφαλλήνων ἀμφὶ στίχες οὐ...

and with him the ranks of the Cephallenians, no weakling folk, stood still; for their host had not as yet heard the war-cry, seeing the battalions of the horse-taming Trojans and the Achaeans had but ...

The Iliad 6.521–529 Hector

δαιμόνιʼ οὐκ ἄν τίς τοι ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐναίσιμος εἴη ἔργον ἀτιμήσειε μάχης, ἐπεὶ ἄλκιμός ἐσσι· ἀλλὰ ἑκὼν μεθιεῖς τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλεις· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κῆρ ἄχνυται ἐν θυμῷ, ὅθʼ ὑπὲρ σέθεν αἴσχεʼ ἀκούω πρὸς Τρώων, οἳ...

from the lips of the Trojans, who because of thee have grievous toil. But let us go our way; these things we will make good hereafter, if so be Zeus shall grant us to set for the heavenly gods that a...

The Iliad 9.644–655 Achilles

Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν πάντά τί μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἐείσαο μυθήσασθαι· ἀλλά μοι οἰδάνεται κραδίη χόλῳ ὁππότε κείνων μνήσομαι ὥς μʼ ἀσύφηλον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν Ἀτρεΐδης ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μ...

all this thou seemest to speak almost after mine own mind; but my heart swelleth with wrath whenso I think of this, how the son of Atreus hath wrought indignity upon me amid the Argives, as though I w...

The Iliad 10.220–226 Diomedes

Νέστορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων δῦναι στρατὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων Τρώων· ἀλλʼ εἴ τίς μοι ἀνὴρ ἅμʼ ἕποιτο καὶ ἄλλος μᾶλλον θαλπωρὴ καὶ θαρσαλεώτερον ἔσται. σύν τε δύʼ ἐρχομένω καί ...

Nestor, my heart and proud spirit urge me to enter the camp of the foemen that are near, even of the Trojans; howbeit if some other man were to follow with me, greater comfort would there be, and grea...

The Iliad 10.319–327 Dolon

Ἕκτορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ νηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνάσχεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μὲν τοὺς ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ δωσέμεν, οἳ φορέο...

to go close to the swift-faring ships and spy out all. But come, I pray thee, lift up thy staff and swear to me that verily thou wilt give me the horses and the chariot, richly dight with bronze, eve...

The Iliad 11.270–275

δριμύ, τό τε προϊεῖσι μογοστόκοι Εἰλείθυιαι Ἥρης θυγατέρες πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι, ὣς ὀξεῖʼ ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο. ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· ἤχθε...

the piercing dart that the Eilithyiae, the goddesses of childbirth, send—even the daughters of Hera that have in their keeping bitter pangs; even so sharp pains came upon the mighty son of Atreus. Th...

The Iliad 11.396–403

ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν ἔστη πρόσθʼ· ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε καθεζόμενος βέλος ὠκὺ ἐκ ποδὸς ἕλκʼ, ὀδύνη δὲ διὰ χροὸς ἦλθʼ ἀλεγεινή. ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε νηυσὶν ἔπι ...

drive to the hollow ships, for he was sore pained at heart. Now Odysseus famed for his spear, was left alone, nor did anyone of the Argives abide by him, for that fear had laid hold of them all. Then...

The Iliad 12.31–45

αὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι κάλυψε τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνας· ποταμοὺς δʼ ἔτρεψε νέεσθαι κὰρ ῥόον, ᾗ περ πρόσθεν ἵεν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ. ὣς ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ὄπισθε Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀπόλλων θησέμεναι· τότε δʼ ἀμφὶ μά...

but then war and the din of war blazed about the well-builded wall, and the beams of the towers rang, as they were smitten; and the Argives, conquered by the scourge of Zeus, were penned by their holl...

The Iliad 12.231–250 Hector

Πουλυδάμα, σὺ μὲν οὐκ ἔτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις· οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί, ὃς κέλεαι ...

seeing thou biddest me forget the counsels of loud-thundering Zeus, that himself promised me and bowed his head thereto. But thou biddest us be obedient to birds long of wing, that I regard not, nor t...

The Iliad 13.95–124 Poseidon-calchas

αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κοῦροι νέοι· ὔμμιν ἔγωγε μαρναμένοισι πέποιθα σαωσέμεναι νέας ἁμάς· εἰ δʼ ὑμεῖς πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λευγαλέοιο, νῦν δὴ εἴδεται ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι. ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖ...

Shame, ye Argives, mere striplings! It was in your fighting that I trusted for the saving of our ships; but if ye are to flinch from grievous war, then of a surety hath the day now dawned for us to be...

The Iliad 13.200–214

ὑψοῦ ὑπὲρ γαίης μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔχοντε, ὥς ῥα τὸν ὑψοῦ ἔχοντε δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ τεύχεα συλήτην· κεφαλὴν δʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Ὀϊλιάδης κεχολωμένος Ἀμφιμάχοιο, ἧκε δέ μιν σφαιρηδὸν ἑλιξάμενος διʼ...

holding it in their jaws high above the ground, even so the twain warrior Aiantes held Imbrius on high, and stripped him of his armour. And the head did the son of Oïleus cut from the tender neck, bei...

The Iliad 13.432–445

κάλλεϊ καὶ ἔργοισιν ἰδὲ φρεσί· τοὔνεκα καί μιν γῆμεν ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ· τὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε θέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα· οὔτε γὰρ ἐξοπίσω φυγέειν δύνατʼ...

for he cast a spell upon his bright eyes and ensnared his glorious limbs that he might nowise flee backwards nor avoid the spear; but as he stood fixed, even as a pillar or a tree, high and leafy, the...

The Iliad 13.700–714

ναῦφιν ἀμυνόμενοι μετὰ Βοιωτῶν ἐμάχοντο· Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱὸς ἵστατʼ ἀπʼ Αἴαντος Τελαμωνίου οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν, ἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ἐν νειῷ βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντε τιταίνετον· ἀ...

were fighting in defence of the ships together with the Boeotians. And Aias, the swift son of Oïleus, would no more in any wise depart from the side of Aias, son of Telamon, no not for an instant; but...

The Iliad 13.775–787 Paris

Ἕκτορ ἐπεί τοι θυμὸς ἀναίτιον αἰτιάασθαι, ἄλλοτε δή ποτε μᾶλλον ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο μέλλω, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ πάμπαν ἀνάλκιδα γείνατο μήτηρ· ἐξ οὗ γὰρ παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἤγειρας ἑταίρων, ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες...

Hector, seeing it is thy mind to blame one in whom is no blame, at some other time have I haply withdrawn me from war rather than now, for my mother bare not even me wholly a weakling. For from the ti...

The Iliad 14.139–146 Poseidon-old Man

Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή που Ἀχιλλῆος ὀλοὸν κῆρ γηθεῖ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φόνον καὶ φύζαν Ἀχαιῶν δερκομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί. ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλοιτο, θεὸς δέ ἑ σιφλώσειε· σοὶ δʼ οὔ πω μάλα πάγχυ θεοὶ ...

rejoice within his breast, as he beholdeth the slaughter and rout of the Achaeans, seeing he hath no understanding, no, not a whit. Nay, even so may he perish, and a god bring him low. But with thee a...

The Iliad 14.198–210 Hera

δὸς νῦν μοι φιλότητα καὶ ἵμερον, ᾧ τε σὺ πάντας δαμνᾷ ἀθανάτους ἠδὲ θνητοὺς ἀνθρώπους. εἶμι γὰρ ὀψομένη πολυφόρβου πείρατα γαίης, Ὠκεανόν τε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα Τηθύν, οἵ μʼ ἐν σφοῖσι δόμοισιν ἐῢ ...

For I am faring to visit the limits of the all-nurturing earth, and Oceanus, from whom the gods are sprung, and mother Tethys, even them that lovingly nursed and cherished me in their halls, when they...

The Iliad 15.206–217 Poseidon

Ἶρι θεὰ μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες· ἐσθλὸν καὶ τὸ τέτυκται ὅτʼ ἄγγελος αἴσιμα εἰδῇ. ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει ὁππότʼ ἂν ἰσόμορον καὶ ὁμῇ πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ νεικείειν ἐθέλῃσι χ...

one of like portion with himself, to whom fate hath decreed an equal share. Howbeit for this present will I yield, despite mine indignation; yet another thing will I tell thee, and make this threat in...

The Iliad 16.49–100 Achilles

ὤ μοι διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες οἷον ἔειπες· οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι ἥν τινα οἶδα, οὔτέ τί μοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ· ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει, ὁππότε δὴ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἀνὴρ ἐθέ...

Neither reck I of any oracle, that I wot of, nor has my queenly mother declared to me aught from Zeus; but herein dread grief cometh upon heart and soul, whenso a man is minded to rob one that is his ...

The Iliad 16.264–268

κινήσῃ ἀέκων, οἳ δʼ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες πρόσσω πᾶς πέτεται καὶ ἀμύνει οἷσι τέκεσσι. τῶν τότε Μυρμιδόνες κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες ἐκ νηῶν ἐχέοντο· βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει. Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλ...

fly forth one and all in the valour of their hearts, and fight each in defence of his young; having a heart and spirit like theirs the Myrmidons then poured forth from the ships, and a cry unquenchabl...

The Iliad 16.433–438 Zeus

ὤ μοι ἐγών, ὅ τέ μοι Σαρπηδόνα φίλτατον ἀνδρῶν μοῖρʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι. διχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη μέμονε φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντι, ἤ μιν ζωὸν ἐόντα μάχης ἄπο δακρυοέσσης θείω ἀναρπάξας Λυκίης ἐν π...

And in twofold wise is my heart divided in counsel as I ponder in my thought whether I shall snatch him up while yet he liveth and set him afar from the tearful war in the rich land of Lycia, or wheth...

The Iliad 18.22–36

ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα· ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς, χαρίεν δʼ ᾔσχυνε πρόσωπον· νεκταρέῳ δὲ χιτῶνι μέλαινʼ ἀμφίζανε τέφρη. αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι ...

and strewed it over his head and defiled his fair face, and on his fragrant tunic the black ashes fell. And himself in the dust lay outstretched, mighty in his mightiness, and with his own hands he to...

The Iliad 19.216–237 Odysseus

ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν, κρείσσων εἰς ἐμέθεν καὶ φέρτερος οὐκ ὀλίγον περ ἔγχει, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην πολλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα. τώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κρ...

wherefore let thine heart endure to hearken to my words. Quickly have men surfeit of battle, wherein the bronze streweth most straw upon the ground, albeit the harvest is scantiest, whenso Zeus inclin...

The Iliad 19.315–337 Achilles

ἦ ῥά νύ μοί ποτε καὶ σὺ δυσάμμορε φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων αὐτὸς ἐνὶ κλισίῃ λαρὸν παρὰ δεῖπνον ἔθηκας αἶψα καὶ ὀτραλέως, ὁπότε σπερχοίατʼ Ἀχαιοὶ Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα. νῦν δὲ σὺ μὲν κεῖ...

Ah verily of old, thou too, O hapless one, dearest of my comrades, thyself wast wont to set forth in our hut with nimble haste a savoury meal, whenso the Achaeans made haste to bring tearful war again...

The Iliad 21.537–551

ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄνεσάν τε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας· αἳ δὲ πετασθεῖσαι τεῦξαν φάος· αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων ἀντίος ἐξέθορε Τρώων ἵνα λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι. οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο δίψῃ καρχαλέοι κεκονιμένοι...

And they, the while, were fleeing straight for the city and the high wall, parched with thirst, and begrimed with dust from the plain, while Achilles pressed upon them furiously with his spear; for fi...

The Iliad 23.443–445 Menelaus

μή μοι ἐρύκεσθον μὴ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ. φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν· ἄμφω γὰρ ἀτέμβονται νεότητος.

before yours, for they both are lacking in youth.

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Explore kradie in the texts

410 passages across Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and the New Testament contain kradie.

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