Seba.Health
suffering

τλάω

tlao

To endure interior weight that cannot be discharged

Etymology

From PIE *telh₂- ("to lift, support, bear"). LSJ notes it is "never like φέρω of bodily loads" — this is interior weight, not something you can set down.

Why tlao matters

Of 82 instances, only 13 involve divine subjects — and none under convergence. Apollo articulates the design principle: "For the Fates placed an enduring thumos in humans" (τλητὸν γὰρ Μοῖραι θυμὸν θέσαν ἀνθρώποισιν, Il. 24.49). Endurance is not learned habit but structural capacity of the human soul.

Grammar as evidence

No present tense in Homer. Aorist ἔτλην ("I endured") — the decisive act. Perfect τέτληκα ("I have endured and remain so") — the resultant state. Endurance is never happening; it is only ever decided or achieved.

Who experiences tlao?

Distribution across mortal and divine subjects in Homer.

Mortal: 69
Divine: 13

84% mortal (69 of 82 instances) — the 13 divine instances are grammatically bounded

tlao in the corpus

81 instances
75 passages
63% in direct speech

Grammatical voice

When tlao appears in the middle voice, the subject acts upon or for itself — the grammatical home of interiority.

46 active
3 middle

Which characters in Homer use tlao most?

Related terms

Distribution by work

The Odyssey
21
The Iliad
19
Meditations
5
Republic
4
Timaeus
4
Hymn to Apollo
3
Phaedo
3
Gorgias
3
Discourses
3
Shield of Heracles
2
Pythian Odes
2
Rhetoric
2
Hymn to Hermes
1
Isthmian Odes
1
Phaedrus
1
Symposium
1

Key passages

Showing 30 of 75 passages containing τλάω.

The Iliad 1.528–539

ἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων· ἀμβρόσιαι δʼ ἄρα χαῖται ἐπερρώσαντο ἄνακτος κρατὸς ἀπʼ ἀθανάτοιο· μέγαν δʼ ἐλέλιξεν Ὄλυμπον. τώ γʼ ὣς βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν· ἣ μὲν ἔπειτα εἰς ἅλα ἆλτο βαθεῖαν...

So he sat down there upon his throne; but Hera saw, and failed not to note how silver-footed Thetis, daughter of the old man of the sea, had taken counsel with him. Forthwith then she spoke to Zeus, ...

The Iliad 1.586–594 Hephaestus

τέτλαθι μῆτερ ἐμή, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ, μή σε φίλην περ ἐοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι θεινομένην, τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσομαι ἀχνύμενός περ χραισμεῖν· ἀργαλέος γὰρ Ὀλύμπιος ἀντιφέρεσθαι· ἤδη γάρ με κα...

he caught me by the foot and hurled me from the heavenly threshold; the whole day long I was carried headlong, and at sunset I fell in Lemnos, and but little life was in me. There the Sintian folk qu...

The Iliad 2.284–332 Odysseus

Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή σε ἄναξ ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ πᾶσιν ἐλέγχιστον θέμεναι μερόπεσσι βροτοῖσιν, οὐδέ τοι ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέσταν ἐνθάδʼ ἔτι στείχοντες ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχε...

the most despised among all mortal men, nor will they fulfill the promise that they made to thee, while faring hitherward from Argos, the pasture-land of horses, that not until thou hadst sacked well-...

The Iliad 4.93–103 Athena

ἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο Λυκάονος υἱὲ δαΐφρον. τλαίης κεν Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν, πᾶσι δέ κε Τρώεσσι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο, ἐκ πάντων δὲ μάλιστα Ἀλεξάνδρῳ βασιλῆϊ. τοῦ κεν δὴ πάμπρωτα παρʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶ...

and wouldst win favour and renown in the eyes of all the Trojans, and of king Alexander most of all. From him of a surety wouldst thou before all others bear off glorious gifts, should he see Menelau...

The Iliad 5.382–415 Dione

τέτλαθι τέκνον ἐμόν, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ· πολλοὶ γὰρ δὴ τλῆμεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες ἐξ ἀνδρῶν χαλέπʼ ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι τιθέντες. τλῆ μὲν Ἄρης ὅτε μιν Ὦτος κρατερός τʼ Ἐφιάλτης παῖδες Ἀλωῆος, ...

So suffered Ares, when Otus and mighty Ephialtes, the sons of Aloeus, bound him in cruel bonds, and in a brazen jar he lay bound for thirteen months; and then would Ares, insatiate of war, have perish...

The Iliad 5.872–887 Ares

Ζεῦ πάτερ οὐ νεμεσίζῃ ὁρῶν τάδε καρτερὰ ἔργα; αἰεί τοι ῥίγιστα θεοὶ τετληότες εἰμὲν ἀλλήλων ἰότητι, χάριν ἄνδρεσσι φέροντες. σοὶ πάντες μαχόμεσθα· σὺ γὰρ τέκες ἄφρονα κούρην οὐλομένην, ᾗ τʼ αἰὲν ἀήσυλ...

With thee are we all at strife, for thou art father to that mad and baneful maid, whose mind is ever set on deeds of lawlessness. For all the other gods that are in Olympus are obedient unto thee, and...

The Iliad 8.71–85

Τρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ αἴσιμον ἦμαρ Ἀχαιῶν. αἳ μὲν Ἀχαιῶν κῆρες ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ ἑζέσθην, Τρώων δὲ πρὸς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἄερθεν· αὐτὸς δʼ ἐξ Ἴδης μ...

Then himself he thundered aloud from Ida, and sent a blazing flash amid the host of the Achaeans; and at sight thereof they were seized with wonder, and pale fear gat hold of all. only Nestor of Geren...

The Iliad 9.308–429 Achilles

διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ χρὴ μὲν δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν, ᾗ περ δὴ φρονέω τε καὶ ὡς τετελεσμένον ἔσται, ὡς μή μοι τρύζητε παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος. ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδα...

and as it shall be brought to pass, that ye sit not by me here on this side and on that and prate endlessly. For hateful in my eyes, even as the gates of Hades, is that man that hideth one thing in h...

The Iliad 11.317–319 Diomedes

ἤτοι ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι· ἀλλὰ μίνυνθα ἡμέων ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς Τρωσὶν δὴ βόλεται δοῦναι κράτος ἠέ περ ἡμῖν.

The Iliad 17.142–168 Glaucus (lycian)

Ἕκτορ εἶδος ἄριστε μάχης ἄρα πολλὸν ἐδεύεο. ἦ σʼ αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει φύξηλιν ἐόντα. φράζεο νῦν ὅππως κε πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ σαώσῃς οἶος σὺν λαοῖς τοὶ Ἰλίῳ ἐγγεγάασιν· οὐ γάρ τις Λυκίων γε μαχησόμενος Δ...

aided only by the folk that were born in Ilios; for of the Lycians at least will no man go forth to do battle with the Danaans for the city's sake, seeing there were to be no thanks, it seemeth, for w...

The Iliad 19.305–308 Achilles

λίσσομαι, εἴ τις ἔμοιγε φίλων ἐπιπείθεθʼ ἑταίρων, μή με πρὶν σίτοιο κελεύετε μηδὲ ποτῆτος ἄσασθαι φίλον ἦτορ, ἐπεί μʼ ἄχος αἰνὸν ἱκάνει· δύντα δʼ ἐς ἠέλιον μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι ἔμπης.

I beseech you, if any of my dear comrades will hearken unto me, bid me not before the time sate my heart with food or drink, seeing dread grief is come upon me. Till set of sun will I abide, and endur...

The Iliad 20.408–422

Πριαμίδην. τὸν δʼ οὔ τι πατὴρ εἴασκε μάχεσθαι, οὕνεκά οἱ μετὰ παισὶ νεώτατος ἔσκε γόνοιο, καί οἱ φίλτατος ἔσκε, πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα δὴ τότε νηπιέῃσι ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος ...

and was dearest in his eyes; and in swiftness of foot he surpassed all. And lo, now in his folly, making show of his fleetness of foot, he was rushing through the foremost fighters, until he lost his ...

The Iliad 21.150–151 Achilles

τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν ὅ μευ ἔτλης ἀντίος ἐλθεῖν; δυστήνων δέ τε παῖδες ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσι.

Who among men art thou, and from whence, that thou darest come forth against me? Unhappy are they whose children face my might. Then spake unto him the glorious son of Pelegon: Great-souled son of Pe...

The Iliad 21.605–611

ὡς αἰεὶ ἔλποιτο κιχήσεσθαι ποσὶν οἷσι· τόφρʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες πεφοβημένοι ἦλθον ὁμίλῳ ἀσπάσιοι προτὶ ἄστυ, πόλις δʼ ἔμπλητο ἀλέντων. οὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἔτλαν πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ἐκτὸς μεῖναι ἔτʼ ἀλλήλους, καὶ ...

that he ever hoped to overtake him in his running—meanwhile the rest of the Trojans that were fleeing in rout came crowding gladly toward the city, and the town was filled with the throng of them. Nei...

The Iliad 22.131–145

ὣς ὅρμαινε μένων, ὃ δέ οἱ σχεδὸν ἦλθεν Ἀχιλλεὺς ἶσος Ἐνυαλίῳ κορυθάϊκι πτολεμιστῇ σείων Πηλιάδα μελίην κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον δεινήν· ἀμφὶ δὲ χαλκὸς ἐλάμπετο εἴκελος αὐγῇ ἢ πυρὸς αἰθομένου ἢ ἠελίου ἀνιόντος...

of blazing fire or of the sun as he riseth. But trembling gat hold of Hector when he was ware of him, neither dared he any more abide where he was, but left the gates behind him, and fled in fear; and...

The Iliad 24.33–54 Apollo

σχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες· οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν Ἕκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων; τὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι ᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ ᾧ καὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τ...

Him now have ye not the heart to save, a corpse though he be, for his wife to look upon and his mother and his child, and his father Priam and his people, who would forthwith burn him in the fire and ...

The Iliad 24.486–506 Priam

μνῆσαι πατρὸς σοῖο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ, τηλίκου ὥς περ ἐγών, ὀλοῷ ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ· καὶ μέν που κεῖνον περιναιέται ἀμφὶς ἐόντες τείρουσʼ, οὐδέ τίς ἐστιν ἀρὴν καὶ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κεῖνός γε ...

Howbeit, while he heareth of thee as yet alive he hath joy at heart, and therewithal hopeth day by day that he shall see his dear son returning from Troy-land. But I—I am utterly unblest, seeing I beg...

The Iliad 24.518–551 Achilles

ἆ δείλʼ, ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν. πῶς ἔτλης ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς υἱέας ἐξενάριξα; σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζε...

to meet the eyes of me that have slain thy sons many and valiant? Of iron verily is thy heart. But come, sit thou upon a seat, and our sorrows will we suffer to lie quiet in our hearts, despite our pa...

The Iliad 24.560–570 Achilles

μηκέτι νῦν μʼ ἐρέθιζε γέρον· νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἕκτορά τοι λῦσαι, Διόθεν δέ μοι ἄγγελος ἦλθε μήτηρ, ἥ μʼ ἔτεκεν, θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος. καὶ δέ σε γιγνώσκω Πρίαμε φρεσίν, οὐδέ με λήθεις, ὅττι θεῶν τίς...

Provoke me no more, old sir; I am minded even of myself to give Hector back to thee; for from Zeus there came to me a messenger, even the mother that bare me, daughter of the old man of the sea. And o...

The Odyssey 3.202–209 Telemachus

ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν, καὶ λίην κεῖνος μὲν ἐτίσατο, καί οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ οἴσουσι κλέος εὐρὺ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι· αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοσσήνδε θεοὶ δύναμιν περιθεῖεν, τίσασθαι μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίης...

O that the gods would clothe me with such strength, that I might take vengeance on the wooers for their grievous sin, who in wantonness devise mischief against me. But lo, the gods have spun for me no...

The Odyssey 4.235–264 Helena

Ἀτρεΐδη Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἠδὲ καὶ οἵδε ἀνδρῶν ἐσθλῶν παῖδες· ἀτὰρ θεὸς ἄλλοτε ἄλλῳ Ζεὺς ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε διδοῖ· δύναται γὰρ ἅπαντα· ἦ τοι νῦν δαίνυσθε καθήμενοι ἐν μεγάροισι καὶ μύθοις τέρπεσθε· ἐοι...

“Menelaus, son of Atreus, fostered of Zeus, and ye that are here, sons of noble men—though now to one and now to another Zeus gives good and ill, for he can do all things,—now verily sit ye in the hal...

The Odyssey 4.266–289 Menelaus

ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα, γύναι, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες. ἤδη μὲν πολέων ἐδάην βουλήν τε νόον τε ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, πολλὴν δʼ ἐπελήλυθα γαῖαν· ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοιοῦτον ἐγὼν ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, οἷoν Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ...

as was Odysseus of the steadfast heart. What a thing was this, too, which that mighty man wrought and endured in the carven horse, wherein all we chiefs of the Argives were sitting, bearing to the Tro...

The Odyssey 4.333–592 Menelaus

ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ κρατερόφρονος ἀνδρὸς ἐν εὐνῇ ἤθελον εὐνηθῆναι ἀνάλκιδες αὐτοὶ ἐόντες. ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν ξυλόχῳ ἔλαφος κρατεροῖο λέοντος νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα νεηγενέας γαλαθηνοὺς κνημοὺς ἐξερέῃσι καὶ ἄγκε...

Even as when in the thicket-lair of a mighty lion a hind has laid to sleep her new-born suckling fawns, and roams over the mountain slopes and grassy vales seeking pasture, and then the lion comes to ...

The Odyssey 6.187–197 Nausicaa

ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε κακῷ οὔτʼ ἄφρονι φωτὶ ἔοικας· Ζεὺς δʼ αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον Ὀλύμπιος ἀνθρώποισιν, ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσιν, ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν, ἑκάστῳ· καί που σοὶ τάδʼ ἔδωκε, σὲ δὲ χρὴ τετλάμεν ἔμπης. νῦν δʼ, ἐπ...

so to thee, I ween, he has given this lot, and thou must in any case endure it. But now, since thou hast come to our city and land, thou shalt not lack clothing or aught else of those things which bef...

The Odyssey 8.166–185 Odysseus

ξεῖνʼ, οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες· ἀτασθάλῳ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας. οὕτως οὐ πάντεσσι θεοὶ χαρίεντα διδοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν, οὔτε φυὴν οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτʼ ἀγορητύν. ἄλλος μὲν γάρ τʼ εἶδος ἀκιδνότερος πέλει ἀνήρ, ἀλλὰ θεὸς μορφὴ...

but the god sets a crown1 of beauty upon his words, and men look upon him with delight, and he speaks on unfalteringly with sweet modesty, and is conspicuous among the gathered people, and as he goes ...

The Odyssey 10.46–60

ὣς ἔφασαν, βουλὴ δὲ κακὴ νίκησεν ἑταίρων· ἀσκὸν μὲν λῦσαν, ἄνεμοι δʼ ἐκ πάντες ὄρουσαν. τοὺς δʼ αἶψʼ ἁρπάξασα φέρεν πόντονδε θύελλα κλαίοντας, γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος. αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε ἐγρόμενος κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύ...

I awoke, and pondered in my goodly heart whether I should fling myself from the ship and perish in the sea, or endure in silence and still remain among the living. However, I endured and abode, and co...

The Odyssey 11.181–195

καὶ λίην κείνη γε μένει τετληότι θυμῷ σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ὀιζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ. σὸν δʼ οὔ πώ τις ἔχει καλὸν γέρας, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος Τηλέμαχος τεμένεα νέμεται καὶ...

but Telemachus holds thy demesne unharassed, and feasts a equal banquets, such as it is fitting that one who deals judgment should share, for all men invite him. But thy father abides there in the til...

The Odyssey 11.348–353 Alcinous

τοῦτο μὲν οὕτω δὴ ἔσται ἔπος, αἴ κεν ἐγώ γε ζωὸς Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσω· ξεῖνος δὲ τλήτω μάλα περ νόστοιο χατίζων ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον, εἰς ὅ κε πᾶσαν δωτίνην τελέσω· πομπὴ δʼ ἄνδρεσσ...

But let our guest, for all his great longing to return, nevertheless endure to remain until tomorrow, till I shall make all our gift complete. His sending shall rest with the men, with all, but most o...

The Odyssey 11.469–483

Αἴαντός θʼ, ὃς ἄριστος ἔην εἶδός τε δέμας τε τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα. ἔγνω δὲ ψυχή με ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσε...

of all the Danaans after the peerless son of Peleus. And the spirit of the swift-footed son of Aeacus recognized me, and weeping, spoke to me winged words: “Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odyss...

The Odyssey 11.181–203 Ghost Of Anticlea

καὶ λίην κείνη γε μένει τετληότι θυμῷ σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ὀιζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ. σὸν δʼ οὔ πώ τις ἔχει καλὸν γέρας, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος Τηλέμαχος τεμένεα νέμεται καὶ...

but Telemachus holds thy demesne unharassed, and feasts a equal banquets, such as it is fitting that one who deals judgment should share, for all men invite him. But thy father abides there in the til...

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Explore tlao in the texts

75 passages across Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and the New Testament contain tlao.

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